We study multiplication of a matrix by a scalar and multiplication of two matrices.

A matrix can be multiplied by a real number (usually called a scalar). If k is a scalar, then the scalar multiplication of a matrix A by k, denoted by kA, is obtained by multiplying every element of A by k.

Matrices multiplication is defined as follows:

If A is a matrix of order m x n and B a matrix of order n x p, then the product AB is a matrix of order m x p whose element at the ith row and jth column is the sum of the products of the corresponding elements in the ith row of A and jth column of B.

If the column number of A is not equal to the row number of B, then AB is undefined.

We introduce Identity Matrix of order n, which has 1 on its major diagonal line and 0 anywhere else..

Homework:

Workbook Page 21, #7, #10 – #12, #18, #19. Please use last lesson’s homework pages for the questions.

We have our midterm exam today. I will send the test paper to parents afterwards.

Good luck.

We start a new topic today. We study matrices.

In real life, we often use tables to help organize data. If we abstract the concept by extracting the data from a table and arrange them in a rows and columns with brackets, we call this rectangular array of numbers a matrix. The numbers in a matrix are called entries or elements. An element is identified by its row and column positions in the matrix. If a matrix has m rows and n columns, we say that the order of this matrix is m x n. A matrix having the same number of rows and columns is called a square matrix. For a square matrix, we can simply say its order with the number of rows.

We usually use capital letters to represent matrices.

Two matrices A and B are equal, written as A = B, if they have the same order and their corresponding elements are equal.

We then discuss the addition and subtraction of two same-order matrices.

If A and B are two matrices of the same order, then sum A+B is the matrix obtained by adding the corresponding elements in A and B.

Similarly, we define subtraction of two same-order matrices.

We talk about zero matrix where all elements are zero. It is often represented  as O.

Homework:

Page 1, Page 2, Page 3, Page 4, Page 5, Page 6, Page 7, Page 8 (please keep these pages, we will need them for the next two lessons)

Workbook Page 19, #1 – #6, #12, #14, #16

We have a review lesson today to go over what we have learned this semester so far: probabilities, complex numbers, and standard deviation.

We will have our midterm exam next week. There is no specific homework today, but students should go over their class notes and homework to prepare for the test.

We continue study of standard deviation. We first review the formula for ungrouped data and grouped data.

We apply the standard deviation to help analyze two data sets. While means can give us the picture of average, standard deviation helps us to determine how consistent the data are. For example, if we look at two sets of data representing two basketball players’ scores, the lower the standard deviation, the more consistent the player is.

Homework:

Print these pages: Page 1, Page 2, Page 3, Page 4

Workbook Page 2, #7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16.