We study multiplication of a matrix by a scalar and multiplication of two matrices.

A matrix can be multiplied by a real number (usually called a scalar). If k is a scalar, then the scalar multiplication of a matrix A by k, denoted by kA, is obtained by multiplying every element of A by k.

Matrices multiplication is defined as follows:

If A is a matrix of order m x n and B a matrix of order n x p, then the product AB is a matrix of order m x p whose element at the ith row and jth column is the sum of the products of the corresponding elements in the ith row of A and jth column of B.

If the column number of A is not equal to the row number of B, then AB is undefined.

We introduce Identity Matrix of order n, which has 1 on its major diagonal line and 0 anywhere else..

Homework:

Workbook Page 21, #7, #10 – #12, #18, #19. Please use last lesson’s homework pages for the questions.

We start a new topic today. We study matrices.

In real life, we often use tables to help organize data. If we abstract the concept by extracting the data from a table and arrange them in a rows and columns with brackets, we call this rectangular array of numbers a matrix. The numbers in a matrix are called entries or elements. An element is identified by its row and column positions in the matrix. If a matrix has m rows and n columns, we say that the order of this matrix is m x n. A matrix having the same number of rows and columns is called a square matrix. For a square matrix, we can simply say its order with the number of rows.

We usually use capital letters to represent matrices.

Two matrices A and B are equal, written as A = B, if they have the same order and their corresponding elements are equal.

We then discuss the addition and subtraction of two same-order matrices.

If A and B are two matrices of the same order, then sum A+B is the matrix obtained by adding the corresponding elements in A and B.

Similarly, we define subtraction of two same-order matrices.

We talk about zero matrix where all elements are zero. It is often represented  as O.

Homework:

Page 1, Page 2, Page 3, Page 4, Page 5, Page 6, Page 7, Page 8 (please keep these pages, we will need them for the next two lessons)

Workbook Page 19, #1 – #6, #12, #14, #16